Which term describes a brain-based visual impairment?

• A. Optical visual impairment
• B. Cortical visual impairment
• C. Color vision defect
• D. Motion blindness

Answer: (B)

Brain-based visual impairment results from how the brain processes visual input, not from the eyes. Cortical visual impairment specifically describes problems in the brain's visual pathways or cortex that prevent proper interpretation of what is seen, even when the eyes are structurally normal. Optical visual impairment involves the eye itself, such as refractive errors or cataracts. Color vision defect stems from retinal cone function and color processing, not general brain processing. Motion blindness refers to difficulty perceiving movement, a higher‑level processing issue but not the general brain-based impairment. So the term that best fits is cortical visual impairment.